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ABOUT THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists (JWFO), is the peer-reviewed official publication of the World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO), aimed at publishing high quality original research that have global reach and which fall within the scope of the orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. The manuscripts submitted should have a clear objective and aim, a description placing the work into the larger context of existing work in the literature, be technically solid, and useful and relevant to academicians, clinicians and students of orthodontics and allied specialties. Cutting edge critical reviews and case series of clinical importance will be considered in order to bridge the gap between the researchers/academicians and those involved in clinical practice.
Editorial evaluation time
The editors of the JWFO read and evaluate every submission for possible publication and try to get back to the authors as quickly as possible. We work closely with authors and reviewers to minimize the review time of each article. The approximate time it takes from submission to publication are;
| Initial decision to review (Contributions may also be returned to the authors without external review) | 3-5 days after submission |
| Anticipated review period | 2-3 weeks |
| Decision after review | 2-3 days post review completion |
| Timeframe for suggested revisions | 30-45 days |
| Time to publish in "article in press" section | 3-4 weeks post acceptance |
| Time to publish in a scheduled issue | Within 4 months of acceptance |
Returns without external review.
If the handling editor concludes that the manuscript is out of scope of the journal, the work is of poor scientific quality, the novelty of the work fall below what is required for the journal, the conclusions drawn by the manuscript is already well-known in the field of orthodontics, the manuscript presents undue fragmentation of research into multiple papers or if the manuscript contains redundant information or has been published elsewhere, or the quality of English in the manuscript is of such a poor quality as to render the science presented is unclear, the manuscript may be returned to the author(s) without external review.
Pre-submission enquiries
If you are unsure about suitability of your manuscript in JWFO, please send us a pre-submission inquiry at [email protected]. The editor will get back to you within 2 -4 days. Please make sure that you include a title, an abstract (or abstract draft), and a brief explanation of why your paper is significant and broadly interesting, along with the key findings clearly described.
Ethics in publishing
The journal follows ethical policies in all its publications and the ethical guidelines expected out of contributing authors can be read at the information site here
ARTICLE TYPES CONSIDERED FOR PUBLICATION IN THE JOURNAL
Submissions to the JWFO should be limited to one of the categories defined below. Specific information regarding length and format is provided for each category. Please also refer to the general submission guidelines and checklist before initiating the submission process in the online submission system. Authors are requested to prepare manuscripts in accordance with the instructions and failure to do so may result in delays or even manuscript rejection. All manuscripts will be reviewed by the Editors for novelty, potential to extend knowledge, and relevance to clinicians and researchers in the field.
Original Research Articles:
This type of submissions includes Research articles, Clinical trials, Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis, Intervention studies, Cohort studies, Case-control studies, Epidemiologic studies, Surveys with high response rate, Economic evaluations, Decision analyses, Studies of screening and diagnostic tests and Other observational studies.
Research articles
Original research articles present data that advances the science and clinical practice of orthodontics and allied specialties. These manuscripts should present well-rounded studies reporting innovative advances that further knowledge about a topic of importance to the specialty of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. These studies are classified as primary literature. Each manuscript should be written according to the appropriate reporting guidelines (see https://www.equator-network.org/) contain a structured abstract (Background, methods, results and conclusions), an introduction clearly stating an objective or hypothesis along with most important references,; the design and methods (including the study setting and dates, patients or participants with inclusion and exclusion criteria and/or participation or response rates, or data sources, and how these were selected for the study); the essential features of any interventions; the main outcome measures; the main results of the study; a discussion section placing the results in context with the published literature as well as study limitations; and the conclusions and relevant implications for clinical practice or health policy along with references and figure legends. Maximum allowed length is 4000 words of text (not including abstract, tables, figures, acknowledgments, and references), with the combined number of tables and/or figures not exceeding six (6) and no more than 20-30 references.
Clinical trials
Clinical trials are any research projects that prospectively assign human participants to the intervention or comparison between groups for assessment of cause-and-effect relationship between an intervention and a health outcome (ICMJE). Interventions may include, but are not limited to, surgical procedures, appliance treatment, behavioral treatments, process-of-care changes, and the like. All manuscripts submitted under this category must include a copy of the trial protocol including the complete statistical analysis plan, a CONSORT flow diagram, and a completed CONSORT checklist. All clinical trials must be registered to an appropriate online public registry. A structured abstract along with trial registration number is deemed essential for all submissions under this category. Each manuscript should be written according to the CONSORT guidelines and clearly state an objective/hypothesis, the design and methods (including study setting along with dates, patients and/or participants with inclusion and exclusion criteria, or data sources and how these were selected), the essential features of any interventions, the main outcome measures and results of the study, a discussion section putting the results in context to the published literature and addressing study limitations and conclusions. Typical length: 3500 - 4000 words (maximum), with no more than a total of 5 tables and/or figures, and no more than 25 references. The subtitle should include the phrase "A Randomized or Controlled Clinical Trial".
Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis
These manuscripts are systematic, critical assessments of literature and data sources pertaining to controversial topics in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, emphasizing factors such as etiology, diagnosis, mechanotherapy, tooth movement biology and biomechanics, retention protocols, prognosis, or preventive and interceptive means. All articles or data sources should be searched for and selected systematically for inclusion and critically evaluated, and the search and selection process should be described in the manuscript. The specific type of study or analysis, population, intervention, exposure, and tests or outcomes should be described for each article or data source. The data sources should be as current as possible, ideally with the search having been conducted within one year of manuscript submission. For meta-analysis, the abstract should contain following headings - Importance, objectives, data sources, study selection, data extraction and synthesis, main outcome(s) and measure(s), results, conclusion and relevance. Authors of reports of meta-analyses of clinical trials should follow the PRISMA reporting guidelines and submit the PRISMA flow diagram and checklist (http://prisma-statement.org/). Authors of meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology should follow the MOOSE reporting guidelines and submit a flow diagram and the MOOSE checklist. Typical length: 3500-4000 words (maximum), with no more than a total of 5 tables and/or figures, and no more than 40-50 references
Brief reports/Research Letter
Brief reports are short reports of typically 800-1200 words which are concise reports of original studies or evaluations or unique first-time reports of clinical case series. These may include up to 2 figures and/or tables and no more than 10 references. A structured abstract is required. Research letters should not have more than 5 authors and should include sections such as introduction, methods, results and discussion. These do require an abstract and should follow other manuscript submission guidelines. It is mandatory that the letters should not duplicate other material published or submitted for publication.
Review Articles
The JWFO is no longer accepting submissions of unsolicited narrative reviews. Authors may be invited to submit reviews for potential publication.
Case Series And Single Case Reports
The JWFO prefers Case Series that describe unusual case presentations, complex diagnoses, and novel approaches to treatment within the scope of practice of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. These Case Series provide valuable information for clinicians and academicians in the field. Case Series report enough consecutive or randomized patient reports to make a persuasive argument for or against the procedure, technique, or concept under discussion. Cases should be relatively homogeneous so that a systematic evaluation of one type of problem or treatment approach is made for the procedure under consideration. Also, treatment and documentation should be consistent and standardized for all cases.
Single case reports are rarely accepted in the journal but to deserve publication, the case report must present an insightful or thought-provoking perspective. Another reason to publish a case report is for the lesson that it teaches. Unusual complications of a treatment or an innovative and proper diagnostic strategy may also deserve publication.
Case Series and reports should not exceed the word limit of 2500-3000 words (excluding abstract, references and figure legends) and must have complete high-quality records with a minimum follow-up period of one year after debonding or discontinuing the appliance. The abstract should be structured under the headings Introduction, Case presentation, Management and outcome and Discussion. Manuscripts must include the following sections: Introduction; Diagnosis; Etiology; Treatment Objectives, Treatment Alternatives, Treatment Progress, and Treatment Results; Discussion; Conclusion. Illustrations must include extraoral and intraoral photographs, dental casts, panoramic radiographs, cephalometric radiographs, and tracings from both pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalograms as well as its superimpositions. Other figures deemed necessary according to article characteristics are also welcome. The reference list should not exceed 30 references, and the total combined number of figures and tables must be six or fewer. Multi-panel figures are acceptable.
Case Series and reports, being retrospective description of clinical findings in cases or an observed course of events that document a new aspect of patient management during the normal course of clinical treatment with no hypothesis testing and no systematic data collection beyond that which is part of routine clinical practice, no data analysis, and the work has already been done do not usually qualify as "research" requiring approval from ethical boards designed to protect humans involved in clinical research.
No patient identifiers should be included in Case Series and reports. If the authors choose to include any subject identifiers, the authors must include the patient's informed written consent to publish the information. It should be noted that patients may have given a signed "consent to treat," but that does not constitute permission to publish their case with personal identifiers unless they have explicitly approved the manuscript. Likewise, patient consent under government privacy rules, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, does not constitute permission to publish their case with personal identifiers unless they have explicitly approved the manuscript.
The Informed consent to be submitted from all the patients/parents along with the submission should follow the format provided in the checklist for submission below. All the case series/reports should follow CARE reporting guidelines to be acceptable for peer-review and publication.
OTHER SUBMISSIONS
Letters to editor
Letters discussing a recent article in this journal should be submitted within 6 months of the article's publication. Letters received after 6 months will rarely be considered. Letters should not exceed 500 words of text and 5 references, 1 of which should be to the recent article. Letters may have no more than 3 authors. The text should include the full name, academic degrees, and a single institutional affiliation for each author and the email address for the corresponding author. Letters must not duplicate other material published or submitted for publication and should not include unpublished data. Letters not meeting these specifications are generally not considered. Letters being considered for publication ordinarily will be sent to the authors of the original article, who will be given the opportunity to reply. Letters will be published at the discretion of the editor and are subject to abridgement and editing for style and content. Send letters directly to the editor, via e-mail: [email protected]. Submit a signed copyright release with the letter.
Book reviews The journal invites book and monograph reviews, depending upon their interest and value to WFO members. Send books to the Editor-in-Chief - Dr. Vinod Krishnan, Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Varkala, Trivandrum, Kerala - 695318, INDIA after an enquiry through email - [email protected] Once submitted, the book will not be returned.
SUBMISSION PROCESS
Manuscript submission
All the manuscripts to the journal should be submitted through the online submission system Editorial Manager of Elsevier - https://www.editorialmanager.com/JWFO/default.aspx?pg=mainpage.html
Submission of a manuscript implies that the content has not been published or is under consideration for publication elsewhere. All manuscripts are checked for plagiarism with professional plagiarism detection software
At the time of submission, complete contact information (affiliation, postal/mail address, email address, and telephone numbers) for the corresponding author is required. First and last names, email addresses, and institutional affiliations of all coauthors are also required. After the manuscript is submitted, the corresponding author will receive an acknowledgment confirming receipt and a manuscript number. Authors will be able to track the status of their manuscripts via the online system.
Cover letter
It is mandatory that you submit a cover letter signed by all authors, and this material is confidential. This should also include complete contact information for the corresponding author (affiliation, postal/mail address, email address, and telephone number)
Send other correspondence to:
Vinod Krishnan BDS, MDS, M.Orth RCS, FDS RCS, PhD.
Editor-in-Chief
Professor and Head Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College
Varkala, Trivandrum, Kerala, INDIA
E-mail: [email protected]
Telephone +91 9447310025
Highlights
Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). You can view example Highlights on our information site.
Manuscript Organization
Manuscripts should be prepared considering the guidelines by ICMJE (http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/manuscript-preparation/preparing-for-submission.html) Reporting guidelines have been developed for different study designs; examples include CONSORT for randomized trials, STROBE for observational studies, PRISMA for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, STARD for studies of diagnostic accuracy, and ARRIVE for animal studies. On the website of the EQUATOR Network https://www.equator-network.org/ a library of reporting guidelines can be found. The journal adheres to these guidelines for the different types of submissions
a.Title Page
The title page, which should be submitted as a separate file, includes the article title, author information, any disclaimers, sources of support, word count (excluding its abstract, acknowledgments, tables, figure legends, and references), and the number of tables and figures. Avoid abbreviations in the title of the manuscript. Each author's highest academic degrees should be listed. The name of the department(s) and institution(s) or organizations where the work should be attributed to should be specified. It is mandatory to include the corresponding authors' telephone and e-mail address in the title page. The title page also should include a Conflict of Interest declaration, if any. This information will not be available to the reviewers.
b.Abstract
The journal requires a structured abstract to all its submissions unless otherwise stated. Please refer to manuscript types on which abstract should be provided. In concert with the ICMJE, JWFO requires, as a condition of consideration for publication, registration of all trials in a public trials registry that is acceptable to the ICMJE (ie, the registry must be owned by a not-for-profit entity, be publicly accessible, and require the minimum registration data set as described by ICMJE).Acceptable trial registries include the following, anzctr.org.au, clinicaltrials.gov, isrctn.org, trialregister.nl, umin.ac.jp/ctr and others listed at http://www.icmje.org. Accordingly, with the recommendations from ICMJE, JWFO requires the clinical trial registration number at the end of the abstract. All systematic reviews with or with meta-analysis should be prospectively registered in an appropriate public database like PROSPERO, see https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ The registration number should be mentioned at the end of the abstract.
c. Keywords
Authors are required to provide a maximum of 5 key words. Use terms for key words from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) list of Medline as much as possible.
d. Graphical abstract (Optional)
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
e.Main Manuscript Text (without author identifiers)
- Introduction
Provide a context or background for the study (that is, the nature of the problem and its significance). State the specific purpose or research objective of, or hypothesis tested by, the study or observation. Cite only directly pertinent references, and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported. - Material and Methods
This section should aim to be sufficiently detailed such that others with access to the data would be able to reproduce the results. This section should include a statement indicating that the research was approved or exempted from the need for review by the responsible review committee (institutional or national). If no formal ethics committee is available, a statement indicating that the research was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki should be included. - Selection and Description of Participants
Clearly describe the selection of observational or experimental participants (healthy individuals or patients, including controls), including eligibility and exclusion criteria and a description of the source population. - Technical Information
Specify the study's main and secondary objectives-usually identified as primary and secondary outcomes. Identify methods, equipment (give the manufacturer's name and address in parentheses), and procedures in sufficient detail to allow others to reproduce the results. Give references to established methods, including statistical methods (see below); provide references and brief descriptions for methods that have been published but are not well-known; describe new or substantially modified methods, give the reasons for using them, and evaluate their limitations. Identify precisely all drugs and chemicals used, including generic name(s), dose(s), and route(s) of administration. Identify appropriate scientific names and gene names. - Statistics
Describe statistical methods with enough detail to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to judge its appropriateness for the study and to verify the reported results. When possible, quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as confidence intervals). Avoid relying solely on statistical hypothesis testing, such as P values, which fail to convey important information about effect size and precision of estimates. References for the design of the study and statistical methods should be to standard works when possible. Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and most symbols. Specify the statistical software package(s) and versions used.
- Results
Present your results in logical sequence in the text, tables, and figures, giving the main or most important findings first. Do not repeat all the data in the tables or figures in the text; emphasize or summarize only the most important observations. Provide data on all primary and secondary outcomes identified in the Methods Section. Extra or supplementary materials and technical details can be placed in an appendix where they will be accessible but will not interrupt the flow of the text. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess supporting data. Use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries; do not duplicate data in graphs and tables. Avoid nontechnical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as "random" (which implies a randomizing device), "normal," "significant," "correlations," and "sample." - Discussion
It is useful to begin the discussion by brie?y summarizing the main findings and explore possible mechanisms or explanations for these findings. Emphasize the new and important aspects of your study and put your findings in the context of the relevant available evidence. State the limitations of your study and explore the implications of your ?ndings for future research and for clinical practice or policy. Do not repeat in detail data information given in other parts of the manuscript, such as in the Introduction or the Results section. - Conclusions
Link the conclusions with the goals of the study but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data. Distinguish between clinical and statistical significance and avoid making statements on economic benefits and costs unless the manuscript includes the appropriate economic data and analyses. Avoid claiming priority or alluding to work that has not been completed. - Acknowledgments
Use this section to acknowledge contributions from non-authors and list funding sources. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proofreading the article, etc.). No need to thank anonymous peer reviewers or referees. They already know. Also, no need to thank the handling editors, as it is their job. As this section contains important information and many funding bodies require inclusion of grant numbers here, please check it carefully. List funding sources to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements. - Author Contributions
This section is required for all papers. Please use it to concisely describe each author's contributions by using initials to indicate each author's identity. We encourage you to use the CRediT taxonomy: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; Writing - review and editing. Authorship statements should be formatted with the names of authors first and CRediT role(s) as provided in the link below in the submission checklist.
- References
References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear in the text. A journal, magazine, or newspaper article should be given only one number; a book should be given a different number each time it is mentioned, if different page numbers are cited. All references are identified, whether they appear in the text, tables, or legends, by Arabic numbers in square shaped parentheses. References should follow the standards summarized in the NLM's International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals: Sample References webpage and detailed in the NLM's Citing Medicine, 2nd edition. The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used for MEDLINE (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals).
Disable references management software from the Word file before you submit the manuscript.
Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their references and for correct text citation. Authors should provide direct references to original research sources whenever possible. References should not be used by authors, editors, or peer reviewers to promote self-interests. Although references to review articles can be an efficient way to guide readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space. Fewer references to key original papers often serve as well as more exhaustive lists. The use of abstracts as references is strongly discouraged. Manuscripts accepted for publication may be cited and should include the manuscript's DOI, if known. Material submitted, but not yet accepted, should be cited in text as "unpublished observations." Written and oral personal communications may be referred to in text, but not cited as references. Please provide the date of the communication and indicate whether it was in a written or oral form. In addition, please identify the individual and his/her affiliation. Authors should obtain written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication. Presented papers, unless they are subsequently published in a proceedings or peer-reviewed journal, may not be cited as references. In addition, Wikipedia.org may not be cited as a reference. For most manuscripts, authors should limit references to materials published in peer-reviewed professional journals. In addition, authors should verify all references against the original documents. References should be typed double-spaced. Examples of references are given below. Authors are responsible for checking that none of the references cite retracted articles except in the context of referring to the retraction. For articles published in journals indexed in MEDLINE, the ICMJE considers PubMed the authoritative source for information about retractions. Authors can identify retracted articles in MEDLINE by searching PubMed for "Retracted publication [pt]", where the term "pt" in square brackets stands for publication type, or by going directly to the PubMed's list of retracted publications.
Examples of references in the journal;
Journals
Standard journal reference. Note: list all authors of the article. Mehta S, Dresner R, Gandhi V, Chen PJ, Allareddy V, Kuo CL, Mu J, Yadav S. Effect of positional errors on the accuracy of cervical vertebrae maturation assessment using CBCT and lateral cephalograms. J World Fed Orthod. 2020;9(4):146-54. Article not in English:
Ryder TE, Haukeland EA, Solhaug JH. Bilateral infrapatellar seneruptur hos tidligere frisk kvinne. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1996;116:41-2.
Organization as author:
The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Clinical exercise stress testing. Safety and performance guidelines. Med J Aust 1996;164:282-4.
Volume with supplement:
Shen HM, Zhang QF. Risk assessment of nickel carcinogenicity and occupational lung cancer. Environ Health Perspect 1994;102(Suppl 1):275-82
Books and Other Monographs
Personal author(s) Ringsven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurses. 2nd ed. Albany: Delmar; 1996. Chapter in a book. Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, editors. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Pr; 1995. p 465-78. Organization as author Institute of Medicine. Looking at the future of the Medicaid program. Washington (DC): IOM; 1992. Conference proceedings Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology: 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996. Scientific or technical report: Issued by funding/sponsoring agency: Smith P, Golladay K. Payment for durable medical equipment billed during skilled nursing facility stays. Final report. Dallas: Dept of Health and Human Services, Office of Evaluation and Inspections; 1994 Oct. Report No. HHSIGOEI69200860.
Issued by performing agency:
Field MJ, Tranquada RE, Feasley JC, editors. Health services research: work force and educational issues. Washington (DC): Natl Acad Pr; 1995. Contract No. AHCPR282942008.
Dissertation:
Kaplan SJ. Post-hospital home health care: the elderly's access and utilization [dissertation]. St. Louis: Washington Univ; 1995. \
Patent:
Larsen CE, Trip R, Johnson CR, inventors; Novoste Corporation, assignee. Methods for procedures related to the electrophysiology of the heart. US patent 5,529,067. 1995 Jun 25.
Other Published Material
Newspaper article:
Lee G. Hospitalizations tied to ozone pollution: study estimates 50,000 admissions annually. Washington Post 1996 Jun 21;Sect. A:3 (col. 5).
Dictionary and similar references:
Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary. 28th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1994. Ectasia; p 526.
Journal article in electronic format:
Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5];1(1):[24 screens]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/index.htm.
Monograph in electronic format:
CDI, clinical dermatology illustrated [CD-ROM]. Reeves JR, Maibach H. CMEA Multimedia Group, producers. 2nd ed. Version 2.0. San Diego: CMEA; 1995.
Computer file:
Hemodynamics III: the ups and downs of hemodynamics [computer program]. Version 2.2. Orlando: Computerized Educational Systems; 1993.
Accepted but Unpublished Materials
In press:
Leshner AI. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine addiction. N Engl J Med. In press. Online-only article.
Rodrigues ML, Francisco I, Caramelo F, Figueiredo JP, Vale F. A retrospective and tridimensional study of the maxillary sinus in patients with cleft lip and palate. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020 Nov 19.
Ahead of print. McGuire MK, Scheyer ET, Nevins M, et al. Living cellular construct for increasing the width of keratinized gingiva. Results from a randomized, within-patient, controlled trial [published online ahead of print March 29, 2011]. J Periodontol; doi:10.1902/jop.2011.100671.
Web sites.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Periodontal Disease. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/conditions/periodontal-disease.html.
- Units
The SI system should be used for all scientific and laboratory data; if, in certain instances, it is necessary to quote other units, these should be added in parentheses. Temperatures should be given in degrees Celsius. If a large number of symbols are used it is helpful if authors submit a list of these symbols and their meanings - Abbreviations and Symbols
Use only standard abbreviations; use of non-standard abbreviations can be confusing to readers. The spelled-out abbreviation followed by the abbreviation in parenthesis should be used on first mention unless the abbreviation is a standard unit of measurement.
Tables should supplement, not duplicate the text. Number them with Arabic numerals, in the order they are mentioned in the text. Titles in tables should be short but self-explanatory, containing information that allows readers to understand the table's content without having to go back to the text. Be sure that each table is cited in the text. Give each column a short or an abbreviated heading. Authors should place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the heading. Explain all non-standard abbreviations in footnotes and use symbols to explain information if needed. If a table has been previously published, include in the footnote the credits to the original source and include written permission for its use from the copyright holder. Submit tables as separate text-based files (Word or Excel, for example) and not in an image file format and it should be included in the main manuscript file. Permission also must be obtained to use modified tables.
g.Figures
Do not embed figures in the word processing document. Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they have been cited in the text. All figures must be submitted individually as single files. Figures should be in TIF or EPS format, CMYK or grayscale, at least 5 inches wide and at least 300 pixels per inch (300dpi;118 pixels per cm). Before-and-after images should be taken with the same intensity, direction, and color of light. Figures should be made as self-explanatory as possible, since many will be used directly in slide presentations. All patient-identifying information must be removed (for example, name in radiographs). If a figure has been published previously, acknowledge the original source and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce it. Permission is required irrespective of authorship or publisher except for documents in the public domain. Permission also must be obtained to use modified figures. In the manuscript, legends for illustrations should be on a separate page, with Arabic numerals corresponding to the illustrations. Titles and detailed explanations belong in the legends-not on the illustrations themselves.
When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, identify and explain each one clearly in the legend. Photomicrographs should have internal scale markers and identify the method of staining in photomicrographs.
h.Supplementary information
The JWFO supports inclusion of supplementary/supporting information, such as figures, tables and videos. It is mandatory that all supplementary material should be called out in the text.
JWFO articles are limited to a combined total of six figures and tables and any additional figures and tables should be submitted as supplementary files. Each supplementary figure or table should be submitted as a separate file. Please follow the guidelines regarding resolution, format, etc. for printed figures (see Figures above) and tables (see above) when preparing supplementary figures and tables. In summary, each figure, table, or multimedia file should be uploaded separately and the file names should clearly identify the file (i.e., SupplementaryFigure1.tif, SupplementaryTable1.xls, etc.).
The JWFO supports publishing short videos to supplement a paper when appropriate. Most standard video formats are accepted. Videos should be edited to remove extraneous material. Authors should adhere to OSHA regulations when preparing their videos. If your video is accepted for publication, all authors will need to submit a video copyright form.
i.Informed consent and patient details.
Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and informed consent, which should be documented in the paper. Appropriate consents, permissions and releases must be obtained where an author wishes to include case details or other personal information or images of patients and any other individuals in an Elsevier publication. Written consents must be retained by the author and copies of the consents or evidence that such consents have been obtained must be provided to Elsevier on request. For more information, please review the Elsevier Policy on the Use of Images or Personal Information of Patients or other Individuals, https://www.elsevier.com/patient-consent-policy. Unless you have written permission from the patient (or, where applicable, the next of kin), the personal details of any patient included in any part of the article and in any supplementary materials (including all illustrations and videos) must be removed before submission. The patient and/or parent consent form in which the authors should obtain the permission is provided here.
j.Copyright release.
Manuscripts must be accompanied by the following written statement, signed by all authors: "The undersigned author(s) transfers all copyright ownership of the manuscript [insert title of article here] to the World Federation of Orthodontists in the event the work is published. The undersigned author(s) warrants that the article is original, does not infringe upon any copyright or other proprietary right of any third party, is not under consideration by another journal, and has not been previously published. I (we) sign for and accept responsibility for releasing this material." Scan the printed copyright release and submit it via Editorial Manager.
k.Ethical Committee/Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval
For those articles that report on the results of experiments of treatments where patients or animals have been used as the sample, Ethical Committee/IRB approval is mandatory. A copy of the letter granting approval from the Ethical Committee/IRB or the animal utilization study committee should be scanned and submitted via Editorial Manager.
No manuscripts will be sent out for review without it.
SUBMISSION CHECKLIST
This journal follows the double-blind review process, which means the identities of the authors are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa. To facilitate this, please include a separate title page which include the title, authors' names, affiliations, acknowledgements and any Declaration of Interest statement, and a complete address for the corresponding author including an e-mail address. The manuscript text should be blinded with no author or affiliated institution details. The main body of the paper (including the references, figures, tables and any acknowledgements) should not include any identifying information, such as the authors' names or affiliations.
- Cover letter signed by all authors.
- Highlights
- Title page
- CRediT author statement
- Manuscript text without author identifiers including a structured or standard abstract, keywords, list of abbreviations, body of the text, references, suppliers' list, figure legends;
- Figures (TIF or EPS format), each figure in a separate file
- Tables, each one as separate file
- Multimedia content. All figures, tables, and multimedia content must be submitted individually as single files.
- Appendices
- Supplementary files
- Appropriate completed reporting guideline
a. CONSORT Flow diagram for randomized clinical trials
b. Observational Studies - STROBE - Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology
c. Systematic Review of Controlled Trials - PRISMA - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
d. ARRIVE guidelines for animal studies
e. meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology should submit a flow diagram and the MOOSE checklist
f. Study of Diagnostic accuracy/assessment scale - STARD - Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies
g. Case Reports - CARE - for case reports - Informed consent or Patient release, if applicable.
- Copyright release statement
- Ethical Committee/Institutional Review Board approval, if applicable
- Disclosure forms (ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest).
- Permissions to reproduce previously published material.
a. Signed, written permission from the copyright holder for the use of tables, figures, or quotations previously published and their complete references.
b. Signed, written permission for the use of quotations of personal communications and unpublished data must be obtained from the person(s) being quoted and to be included with the submission
AFTER SUBMISSION
Editorial and Peer Review
Authors will be sent notifications of the receipt of their manuscript and editorial decisions by email. During the review process, authors can check the status of their submitted manuscript via the online submission system - https://www.editorialmanager.com/JWFO/default.aspx?pg=mainpage.html
All submitted manuscripts are reviewed initially by one of the editors. Manuscripts are evaluated according to the following criteria: material is original and timely, writing is clear, study methods are appropriate, data are valid, conclusions are reasonable and supported by the data, information is important, and topic has general interest to readers of this journal. From these basic criteria, the editors assess a paper's eligibility for publication. Manuscripts with insufficient priority for publication are rejected promptly. Other manuscripts are sent to a minimum of two expert consultants for a double - blinded peer review. Peer reviewer identities are kept confidential. The existence of a manuscript under review is not revealed to anyone other than peer reviewers and editorial staff. Peer reviewers are required to maintain confidentiality about the manuscripts they review and must not divulge any information about a specific manuscript or its content to any third party without prior permission from the journal editor. Information from submitted manuscripts may be systematically collected and analyzed as part of research to improve the quality of the editorial or peer review process. Identifying information remains confidential. Final decisions regarding manuscript publication are made by an editor who does not have any relevant conflicts of interest.
The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to edit manuscripts to fit the space available and to ensure conciseness, clarity, and stylistic consistency. The Editor-in-Chief maintains the right to submit accepted manuscripts for further reviews, revisions, and possible change of status based on potential legal, ethical, and bio statistical issues which become evident prior to publication. This may result in the article being further revised or even withdrawn from publication entirely at any point during the publication process.
Changes to authorship
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor-in-Chief. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
Appeals
Authors who feel that they have strong grounds for appealing the editor's decision may contact the journal to request the opening of an appeal, after which they may upload a cogently argued rebuttal letter that addresses the referees' and/or editor's comments in a point-by-point manner. Decisions are reversed on appeal only if the editor-in-chief is convinced that the original decision was made in error, or if critical new information or data has been added.
AFTER ACCEPTANCE
Online proof correction
Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor.
Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors. If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online version and PDF. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely the author's responsibility.
Amendments to manuscripts
In order to maintain the integrity of the scientific record, the version that is published in an issue on ScienceDirect and in print MUST be identical. One set of page proofs will be sent to the corresponding author. Please note that authors are urged to check their proofs carefully before return, but corrections are restricted to typesetting errors only. Proofs are NOT to be considered as drafts. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely the responsibility of the corresponding author.
Author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
Green open access
Authors can share their research in a variety of different ways and Elsevier has a number of green open access options available. We recommend authors see our green open access page for further information. Authors can also self-archive their manuscripts immediately and enable public access from their institution's repository after an embargo period. This is the version that has been accepted for publication and which typically includes author-incorporated changes suggested during submission, peer review and in editor-author communications. Embargo period: For subscription articles, an appropriate amount of time is needed for journals to deliver value to subscribing customers before an article becomes freely available to the public. This is the embargo period and it begins from the date the article is formally published online in its final and fully citable form. Find out more.
This journal has an embargo period of 12 months.
Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
Reference management software
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley and Zotero, as well as EndNote. Using the word processor plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide.
Offprints
The corresponding author will, at no cost, receive a customized Share Link providing 50 days free access to the final published version of the article on ScienceDirect. The Share Link can be used for sharing the article via any communication channel, including email and social media. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. Corresponding authors who have published their article open access do not receive a Share Link as their final published version of the article is available open access on ScienceDirect and can be shared through the article DOI link.
Author Enquiries
Visit the Elsevier Support Center to find the answers you need. Here you will find everything from Frequently Asked Questions to ways to get in touch. You can also check the status of your submitted article or find out when your accepted article will be published.
Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses
Reporting guidance
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.
Definitions
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth ("sex assigned at birth"), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms "sex" and "gender" can be ambiguous—thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.
Queries
For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center.
