Highlights
- •Adding zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles at 1% weight preserves the bond strength.
- •Adhesive remnant index was not significantly different among.
- •Titanium dioxide significantly increased the microleakage of Transbond XT adhesive.
ABSTRACT
Background
An adhesive with both proper mechanical and antimicrobial properties seems to be beneficial.
We aimed to investigate the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on bond strength and microleakage of two different fixed retainer
adhesives.
Methods
In this in vitro experimental study, 168 extracted human incisors were randomly divided
into six groups of 28 (eight double-tooth specimens for the bond strength test and
12 specimens for the microleakage test). In three groups: Transbond XT (3M Unitek,
Monrovia, CA) without NPs, with 1% ZnO NPs and with 1% TiO2 NPs were applied. The
other three groups included Ortho Connect Flow (GC orthodontics, Tokyo, Japan) composite
with the same order to bond a 0.175-inch multistrand wire to the lingual surfaces
of the teeth. The bond strength was measured using the Universal Testing Machine,
and the adhesive remnant index was reported using a stereomicroscope (Nikon, SMZ800,
Tokyo, Japan). The dye-penetration method was used to determine the microleakage.
Results
For bond strength, there was no significant difference among groups. For microleakage,
there was no significant difference between GC and Transbond XT groups. However, in
subgroups of Transbond XT, the addition of TiO2 NPs increased the microleakage significantly in comparison with ZnO and control groups
(P = 0.011). There was no significant statistical difference between the groups in terms
of residual adhesives (P = 0.166).
Conclusions
Through the incorporation of 1% TiO2 and ZnO NPs into the fixed retainer adhesive, the bond strength was maintained within
the clinically acceptable range. The addition of TiO2 NPs to Transbond XT significantly
increased the percentage of microleakage.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 28, 2022
Accepted:
September 20,
2022
Received in revised form:
September 19,
2022
Received:
July 8,
2022
Footnotes
Funding: Grant of Dental Research Center at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry.
Competing interest: Authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. None declared.
Provenance and peer review: Non-commissioned and externally peer reviewed.
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of World Federation of Orthodontists.
