Highlights
- •An evaluation of the reliability of a new instrument to measure the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead.
- •Good to excellent intra- and inter-examiner agreement were found.
- •The pre-designed transparent template showed good to excellent reliability for determining the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead.
- •This new instrument can help orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons clinically evaluate the position of the maxillary incisors, and indirectly the maxilla, in the sagittal plane.
ABSTRACT
Background
To evaluate the reliability of a new instrument to clinically measure the anteroposterior
relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead.
Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study using a sample of 84 (67% female and 33% male)
young adult participants was conducted. Measurements were performed according to Element
II of the Andrews’ Six Elements of Orofacial Harmony by assessing the horizontal distance
between the facial axis point of the maxillary central incisor and the forehead's
anterior limit line. The instrument tested was a transparent plastic template having
a leveling meter, reference lines, and an embedded millimeter ruler. Two orthodontists
evaluated the sample twice with a minimum of a two-week interval between evaluations.
The reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Repeated-measures
ANOVA was also performed.
Results
Good to excellent intra- and interexaminer agreement, with intraclass correlation
coefficient values of 0.874 (95% confidence interval 0.800–0.921; P < 0.001) and 0.876 (95% confidence interval 0.739–0.948; P < 0.001), respectively, were calculated. There were no statistically significant
differences between all the repeated measurements assessed (P = 0.820).
Conclusions
The instrument showed good to excellent reliability for determining the anteroposterior
relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead and could be used to
help orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons indirectly evaluate the anteroposterior
position of the maxilla.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 05, 2022
Accepted:
July 3,
2022
Received in revised form:
July 3,
2022
Received:
March 26,
2022
Footnotes
Funding: The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests: Authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. None declared.
Provenance and peer review: Non commisioned and externally peer reviewed
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 World Federation of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
